Nasal ventilation as a treatment for stroke

ABSTRACT

A new treatment and apparatus for acute and chronic treatment is described here which incorporates nasal ventilation, with or without concomitant drug therapy, using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bi-level pressure treatment or variants thereof, including devices which automatically set their pressures based on physiologic data inputs.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/079,848, filed May 15, 1998 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,336,454 which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/046,745, filed May 16, 1997, the specifications of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method of treatment and apparatus for stroke patients.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Stroke, or brain attack as it is commonly called, can be caused by either vascular hemorrhage or vascular blockage with the latter accounting for about 80% of the events which lead to a stroke. Stroke is associated with considerable morbidity in terms of long-term neurological deficit and the risk of subsequent stroke as well as mortality post stroke is considerable in stroke patients. Treatment in the acute phase typically entails the invasive administration of clot dissolving drugs within the first three hours of the stroke as well as stabilization of cardiovascular function and vital signs. Post stroke therapy can include intensive and costly rehabilitation depending on the degree of neurological deficit.

Continuous positive airway pressure (hereinafter CPAP) has been identified as a method of treatment for sleep disorders, and in particular, sleep apnea. The application of CPAP for sleep disorders was first introduced in U.S. Pat. No. 4,944,310. This patent described the application of continuous positive airway pressure being applied to the patient, through the patient's nares, to treat sleep disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea. It has been found that the application of pressure which exceeds atmospheric pressure, typically 4 to 15 centimeters of H₂O is useful in treating sleep disorders. However, prior to this invention, the application of CPAP as a method for treating stroke patients has never been known.

There exists a need for a method of treatment for stroke patients which is non-invasive, and does not include the use of drugs.

There also exists a need for the treatment of stroke patients which is inexpensive and does not require a medical facility or hospital.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A new treatment and apparatus for acute and chronic treatment of stroke patients is described here which incorporates nasal ventilation, with or without concomitant drug therapy, using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bi-level pressure treatment or variants thereof, including devices which automatically set their pressures based on physiologic data inputs.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Nasal CPAP treatment has been traditionally used for the management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea where CPAP acts as a pneumatic splint to maintain upper airway patency and therefore ensures free flow of air while the patient sleeps. The current invention describes the use of positive pressure ventilation, which may include CPAP, bi-level pressure, or variants thereof, for stroke patients. The use of CPAP treats stroke patients by improving arterial blood oxygen levels and reducing arterial carbon dioxide levels as well as improving auto-regulation of, for example, blood pressure, cardiac output and ventilation. Improvements in morbidity, such as rate and degree of recovery of vital signs and patient stabilization in the acute phase, is an expected benefit. Also, an improvement in neurological deficits in the short and/or long term is an expected benefit.

It is understood that while the invention has been described above in conjunction with the preferred method and preferred embodiment, the description and examples are intended to illustrate but not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the following claims. 

We claim:
 1. A method for the treatment of a patient who is suffering from an incident of stroke comprising the steps of: providing a device for the delivery of positive pressure airway treatment at a pressure which exceeds atmospheric pressure, the device comprising (a) an airflow generator; (b) an interface adapted to fit a patient; and (c) a conduit for the flow of air from said generator to said interface; and delivering treatment with said device to said patient during an acute phase of an incident of stroke in said patient to improve the patient's blood oxygen level, the acute phase being defined as the first three hours from onset of the incident of stroke.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the airflow generator is configured and arranged to deliver a bi-level positive pressure airway treatment. 